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What Are Essential Oils?

Essential oils are highly concentrated, volatile plant extracts that capture the natural fragrance, flavor, and therapeutic properties of the plant they come from. They are often called the “essence” of a plant.


Each essential oil contains unique natural compounds (like terpenes, esters, phenols, aldehydes, etc.) that give it specific aromas and health benefits.

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Essential Oils

How Essential Oils Are Produced:

Essential oils are typically extracted using one of these methods:


1. Steam Distillation (most common)

  • Steam passes through plant material.

  • The steam carries the plant’s aromatic molecules.

  • It’s then cooled and separated into water (hydrosol) and essential oil.


2. Cold Pressing (used for citrus oils like lemon, orange, bergamot)

  • The oil is mechanically pressed from the rind/peel of the fruit.

  • No heat is used, preserving the delicate compounds.


3. Solvent Extraction

  • A solvent (like ethanol or hexane) extracts the aromatic compounds.

  • Used for delicate flowers (e.g., jasmine, rose) that don’t tolerate heat.

  • The result is often called an absolute, not a pure essential oil.


4. CO₂ Extraction (modern method)

  • Carbon dioxide under pressure extracts plant oils.

  • Produces a very pure, high-quality oil without heat damage.

Uses of Essential Oils:

Essential oils are extremely versatile and used in:


1. Aromatherapy

  • Diffused into the air to promote relaxation, focus, or energy.

  • Common oils: lavender (calming), peppermint (energizing), eucalyptus (respiratory support).

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2. Topical Application (with carrier oils like jojoba, almond, or grapeseed)

  • Skincare (tea tree for acne, frankincense for rejuvenation).

  • Massage (lavender, chamomile, rosemary for muscle relaxation).


3. Wellness & Home

  • Natural remedies (peppermint for headaches, eucalyptus for congestion).

  • Household cleaning (lemon, tea tree, thyme as antibacterial).

  • Natural insect repellents (citronella, lemongrass).


4. Perfumery & Cosmetics

  • Base for natural perfumes, soaps, shampoos, body butters, and candles.

Safety Considerations

  • Always dilute before applying to skin (typical ratio: 2–3 drops essential oil per 10ml carrier oil).

  • Some oils cause photosensitivity (e.g., citrus oils like bergamot and lemon).

  • Not all oils are safe for children, pets, or pregnant women.

  • Never ingest unless under guidance of a qualified professional.

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